2023 학년도 대학수학능력시험 9월 모의평가 문제지 영어 영역
18. 다음 글의 목적으로 적절한 것은?
Dear Natalie Talley, My name is Olivia Spikes, the mayor of Millstown. Before you attend the world championships next month, on behalf of everyone in Millstown, I wish to let you know that we are supporting you all the way. As you are the first famous figure skater from Millstown, we are all big fans of yours. Our community was so proud of you for winning the national championships last year. Your amazing performance really moved us all. We all believe that you are going to impress the entire nation again. Your hometown supporters will cheer for you whenever you perform on the ice. Good luck! Best wishes, Olivia Spikes
① 지역 사회 홍보 대사로 활동해 줄 것을 제안하려고
② 이웃 도시와 예정된 친선 경기 취소를 통보하려고
③ 지역 사회 출신 피겨 스케이팅 선수를 응원하려고
④ 시청에서 주관하는 연례 자선 행사를 홍보하려고
⑤ 피겨 스케이팅 경기장 건립을 위한 기부를 요청하려고
19. 다음 글에 드러난 Nathan의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?
“Daddy!” Jenny called, waving a yellow crayon in her little hand. Nathan approached her, wondering why she was calling him. Jenny, his three-year-old toddler, was drawing a big circle on a piece of paper. “What are you doing, Sweetie?” Nathan asked with interest. She just kept drawing without reply. He continued watching her, wondering what she was working on. She was drawing something that looked like a face. When she finished it, Jenny shouted, “Look, Daddy!” She held her artwork up proudly. Taking a closer look, Nathan recognized that it was his face. The face had two big eyes and a beard just like his. He loved Jenny’s work. Filled with joy and happiness, Nathan gave her a big hug. * toddler: 아장아장 걷는 아이
① sorrowful → relieved ② frustrated → satisfied ③ worried → scared ④ curious → delighted ⑤ hopeful → disappointed
20. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
Becoming competent in another culture means looking beyond behavior to see if we can understand the attitudes, beliefs, and values that motivate what we observe. By looking only at the visible aspects of culture ― customs, clothing, food, and language ― we develop a short-sighted view of intercultural understanding ― just the tip of the iceberg, really. If we are to be successful in our business interactions with people who have different values and beliefs about how the world is ordered, then we must go below the surface of what it means to understand culture and attempt to see what Edward Hall calls the “hidden dimensions.” Those hidden aspects are the very foundation of culture and are the reason why culture is actually more than meets the eye. We tend not to notice those cultural norms until they violate what we consider to be common sense, good judgment, or the nature of things.
① 타 문화 사람들과 교류를 잘하려면 그 문화의 이면을 알아야 한다. ② 문화 배경이 다른 직원과 협업할 때 공정하게 업무를 나눠야 한다. ③ 여러 문화에 대한 이해를 통해 공동체 의식을 길러야 한다. ④ 원만한 대인 관계를 위해서는 서로의 공통점을 우선 파악해야 한다. ⑤ 문화적 갈등을 줄이려면 구성원 간의 소통을 활성화해야 한다.
21. 밑줄 친 send us off into different far corners of the library가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]
You may feel there is something scary about an algorithm deciding what you might like. Could it mean that, if computers conclude you won’t like something, you will never get the chance to see it? Personally, I really enjoy being directed toward new music that I might not have found by myself. I can quickly get stuck in a rut where I put on the same songs over and over. That’s why I’ve always enjoyed the radio. But the algorithms that are now pushing and pulling me through the music library are perfectly suited to finding gems that I’ll like. My worry originally about such algorithms was that they might drive everyone into certain parts of the library, leaving others lacking listeners. Would they cause a convergence of tastes? But thanks to the nonlinear and chaotic mathematics usually behind them, this doesn’t happen. A small divergence in my likes compared to yours can send us off into different far corners of the library. * rut: 관습, 틀 ** gem: 보석 *** divergence: 갈라짐
① lead us to music selected to suit our respective tastes ② enable us to build connections with other listeners ③ encourage us to request frequent updates for algorithms ④ motivate us to search for talented but unknown musicians ⑤ make us ignore our preferences for particular music genres
22. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
Historically, drafters of tax legislation are attentive to questions of economics and history, and less attentive to moral questions. Questions of morality are often pushed to the side in legislative debate, labeled too controversial, too difficult to answer, or, worst of all, irrelevant to the project. But, in fact, the moral questions of taxation are at the very heart of the creation of tax laws. Rather than irrelevant, moral questions are fundamental to the imposition of tax. Tax is the application of a society’s theories of distributive justice. Economics can go a long way towards helping a legislature determine whether or not a particular tax law will help achieve a particular goal, but economics cannot, in a vacuum, identify the goal. Creating tax policy requires identifying a moral goal, which is a task that must involve ethics and moral analysis. * legislation: 입법 ** imposition: 부과 ① 분배 정의를 실현하려면 시민 단체의 역할이 필요하다. ② 사회적 합의는 민주적인 정책 수립의 선행 조건이다. ③ 성실한 납세는 안정적인 정부 예산 확보의 기반이 된다. ④ 경제학은 세법을 개정할 때 이론적 근거를 제공한다. ⑤ 세법을 만들 때 도덕적 목표를 설정하는 것이 중요하다.
23. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]
Environmental learning occurs when farmers base decisions on observations of “payoff” information. They may observe their own or neighbors’ farms, but it is the empirical results they are using as a guide, not the neighbors themselves. They are looking at farming activities as experiments and assessing such factors as relative advantage, compatibility with existing resources, difficulty of use, and “trialability” ― how well can it be experimented with. But that criterion of “trialability” turns out to be a real problem; it’s true that farmers are always experimenting, but working farms are very flawed laboratories. Farmers cannot set up the controlled conditions of professional test plots in research facilities. Farmers also often confront complex and difficult-to-observe phenomena that would be hard to manage even if they could run controlled experiments. Moreover farmers can rarely acquire payoff information on more than a few of the production methods they might use, which makes the criterion of “relative advantage” hard to measure. * empirical: 경험적인 ** compatibility: 양립성 *** criterion: 기준
① limitations of using empirical observations in farming ② challenges in modernizing traditional farming equipment ③ necessity of prioritizing trialability in agricultural innovation ④ importance of making instinctive decisions in agriculture ⑤ ways to control unpredictable agricultural phenomena
24. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Not only musicians and psychologists, but also committed music enthusiasts and experts often voice the opinion that the beauty of music lies in an expressive deviation from the exactly defined score. Concert performances become interesting and gain in attraction from the fact that they go far beyond the information printed in the score. In his early studies on musical performance, Carl Seashore discovered that musicians only rarely play two equal notes in exactly the same way. Within the same metric structure, there is a wide potential of variations in tempo, volume, tonal quality and intonation. Such variation is based on the composition but diverges from it individually. We generally call this ‘expressivity’. This explains why we do not lose interest when we hear different artists perform the same piece of music. It also explains why it is worthwhile for following generations to repeat the same repertoire. New, inspiring interpretations help us to expand our understanding, which serves to enrich and animate the music scene. * deviation: 벗어남
① How to Build a Successful Career in Music Criticism ② Never the Same: The Value of Variation in Music Performance ③ The Importance of Personal Expression in Music Therapy ④ Keep Your Cool: Overcoming Stage Fright When Playing Music ⑤ What’s New in the Classical Music Industry?
25. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
The graph above shows the top four European countries with the most renewable energy generation capacity in 2011 and in 2020. ① Each of the four countries in the graph had a higher capacity to generate renewable energy in 2020 than its respective capacity in 2011. ② Germany’s capacity to generate renewable energy in 2011 reached more than 50.0 gigawatts, which was also the case in 2020. ③ Among the countries above, Spain ranked in second place in terms of renewable energy generation capacity in 2011 and remained in second place in 2020. ④ The renewable energy generation capacity of Italy in 2020 was lower than that of Spain in the same year. ⑤ The renewable energy generation capacity of France was higher than that of Italy in both 2011 and 2020. * decimal: 소수의
26. Leon Festinger에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Leon Festinger was an American social psychologist. He was born in New York City in 1919 to a Russian immigrant family. As a graduate student at the University of Iowa, Festinger was influenced by Kurt Lewin, a leading social psychologist. After graduating from there, he became a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1945. He later moved to Stanford University, where he continued his work in social psychology. His theory of social comparison earned him a good reputation. Festinger actively participated in international scholarly cooperation. In the late 1970s, he turned his interest to the field of history. He was one of the most cited psychologists of the twentieth century. Festinger’s theories still play an important role in psychology today.
① 러시아인 이민자 가정에서 태어났다. ② 사회 심리학자 Kurt Lewin에게 영향을 받았다. ③ Stanford University에서 사회 심리학 연구를 중단했다. ④ 국제 학술 협력에 활발하게 참여했다. ⑤ 1970년대 후반에 역사 분야로 관심을 돌렸다.
27. 2022 K-Tea Culture Program에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
2022 K-Tea Culture Program
Evergreen Tea Society invites you to the second annual K-Tea Culture Program! Come and enjoy a refreshing cup of tea and learn about traditional Korean tea culture.
Program Includes: 1) Watching a short video about the history of Korean tea culture 2) Observing a demonstration of a traditional Korean tea-ceremony (dado) 3) Participating in the ceremony yourself 4) Tasting a selection of teas along with cookies
When: Saturday, September 24, 3:00 p.m.—5:00 p.m.
Where: Evergreen Culture Center
Participation Fee: $20 per person (traditional teacup included) Reservations should be made online (www.egtsociety.or.kr) at least one day before your visit.
① 한국의 차 문화 역사에 관한 영상을 시청한다. ② 한국 전통 다도 시연을 본다. ③ 쿠키와 함께 차를 맛본다. ④ 참가비에는 전통 찻잔이 포함되어 있다. ⑤ 예약은 방문 일주일 전까지 해야 한다.
28. Career Day with a Big Data Expert에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
Career Day with a Big Data Expert
Meet a Big Data expert from a leading IT company! Jill Johnson, famous data analyst and bestselling author, will be visiting Sovenhill High School to give a lecture on careers related to Big Data.
Participation: Sovenhill High School students only Limited to 50 students
When & Where: October 15, 10:00 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. Library
Registration: Scan the QR code to fill in the application form.
Note: Drinking beverages is not permitted during the lecture. The lecture will be followed by a Q&A session. All participants will receive a free copy of the lecturer’s book.
① 학부모도 참여할 수 있다. ② 참석 인원에 제한이 없다. ③ QR 코드를 스캔하여 신청서를 작성한다. ④ 강연 중에 음료수를 마실 수 있다. ⑤ 참석자 중 일부만 강연자의 책을 무료로 받는다.
29. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
Recognizing ethical issues is the most important step in understanding business ethics. An ethical issue is an identifiable problem, situation, or opportunity that requires a person to choose from among several actions that may ① be evaluated as right or wrong, ethical or unethical. ② Learn how to choose from alternatives and make a decision requires not only good personal values, but also knowledge competence in the business area of concern. Employees also need to know when to rely on their organizations’ policies and codes of ethics or ③ have discussions with co-workers or managers on appropriate conduct. Ethical decision making is not always easy because there are always gray areas ④ that create dilemmas, no matter how decisions are made. For instance, should an employee report on a co-worker engaging in time theft? Should a salesperson leave out facts about a product’s poor safety record in his presentation to a customer? Such questions require the decision maker to evaluate the ethics of his or her choice and decide ⑤ whether to ask for guidance.
30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? Although the wonders of modern technology have provided people with opportunities beyond the wildest dreams of our ancestors, the good, as usual, is weakened by a downside. One of those downsides is that anyone who so chooses can pick up the virtual megaphone that is the Internet and put in their two cents on any of an infinite number of topics, regardless of their ① qualifications. After all, on the Internet, there are no regulations ② preventing a kindergarten teacher from offering medical advice or a physician from suggesting ways to safely make structural changes to your home. As a result, misinformation gets disseminated as information, and it is not always easy to ③ differentiate the two. This can be particularly frustrating for scientists, who spend their lives learning how to understand the intricacies of the world around them, only to have their work summarily ④ challenged by people whose experience with the topic can be measured in minutes. This frustration is then ⑤ diminished by the fact that, to the general public, both the scientist and the challenger are awarded equal credibility.
* put in one’s two cents: 의견을 말하다 ** disseminate: 퍼뜨리다 *** intricacy: 복잡성
[31～34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
31. More than just having territories, animals also partition them. And this insight turned out to be particularly useful for zoo husbandry. An animal’s territory has an internal arrangement that Heini Hediger compared to the inside of a person’s house. Most of us assign separate functions to separate rooms, but even if you look at a one-room house you will find the same internal specialization. In a cabin or a mud hut, or even a Mesolithic cave from 30,000 years ago, this part is for cooking, that part is for sleeping; this part is for making tools and weaving, that part is for waste. We keep . To a varying extent, other animals do the same. A part of an animal’s territory is for eating, a part for sleeping, a part for swimming or wallowing, a part may be set aside for waste, depending on the species of animal.
* husbandry: 관리
① an interest in close neighbors ② a neat functional organization ③ a stock of emergency supplies ④ a distance from potential rivals ⑤ a strictly observed daily routine
32. Fans feel for feeling’s own sake. They make meanings beyond what seems to be on offer. They build identities and experiences, and make artistic creations of their own to share with others. A person can be an individual fan, feeling an “idealized connection with a star, strong feelings of memory and nostalgia,” and engaging in activities like “collecting to develop a sense of self.” But, more often, individual experiences are embedded in social contexts where other people with shared attachments socialize around the object of their affections. Much of the pleasure of fandom . In their diaries, Bostonians of the 1800s described being part of the crowds at concerts as part of the pleasure of attendance. A compelling argument can be made that what fans love is less the object of their fandom than the attachments to (and differentiations from) one another that those affections afford.
* embed: 끼워 넣다 ** compelling: 강력한
① is enhanced by collaborations between global stars ② results from frequent personal contact with a star ③ deepens as fans age together with their idols ④ comes from being connected to other fans ⑤ is heightened by stars’ media appearances
33. There was nothing modern about the idea of men making women’s clothes ― we saw them doing it for centuries in the past. In the old days, however, the client was always primary and her tailor was an obscure craftsman, perhaps talented but perhaps not. She had her own ideas like any patron, there were no fashion plates, and the tailor was simply at her service, perhaps with helpful suggestions about what others were wearing. Beginning in the late nineteenth century, with the hugely successful rise of the artistic male couturier, it was the designer who became celebrated, and the client elevated by his inspired attention. In a climate of admiration for male artists and their female creations, the dress-designer first flourished as the same sort of creator. Instead of the old rule that dressmaking is a craft, was invented that had not been there before. [3점]
* obscure: 무명의 ** patron: 후원자 *** couturier: 고급 여성복 디자이너
① a profitable industry driving fast fashion ② a widespread respect for marketing skills ③ a public institution preserving traditional designs ④ a modern connection between dress-design and art ⑤ an efficient system for producing affordable clothing
34. In trying to explain how different disciplines attempt to understand autobiographical memory the literary critic Daniel Albright said, “Psychology is a garden, literature is a wilderness.” He meant, I believe, that psychology seeks to make patterns, find regularity, and ultimately impose order on human experience and behavior. Writers, by contrast, dive into the unruly, untamed depths of human experiences. What he said about understanding memory can be extended to our questions about young children’s minds. If we psychologists are too bent on identifying the orderly pattern, the regularities of children’s minds, we may miss an essential and pervasive characteristic of our topic: the child’s more unruly and imaginative ways of talking and thinking. It is not only the developed writer or literary scholar who seems drawn toward a somewhat wild and idiosyncratic way of thinking; young children are as well. The psychologist interested in young children may have to in order to get a good picture of how children think. [3점]
* unruly: 제멋대로 구는 ** pervasive: 널리 퍼져 있는 *** idiosyncratic: 색다른
① venture a little more often into the wilderness ② help them recall their most precious memories ③ better understand the challenges of parental duty ④ disregard the key characteristics of children’s fiction ⑤ standardize the paths of their psychological development
35. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
Because plants tend to recover from disasters more quickly than animals, they are essential to the revitalization of damaged environments. Why do plants have this preferential ability to recover from disaster? It is largely because, unlike animals, they can generate new organs and tissues throughout their life cycle. ① This ability is due to the activity of plant meristems ― regions of undifferentiated tissue in roots and shoots that can, in response to specific cues, differentiate into new tissues and organs. ② If meristems are not damaged during disasters, plants can recover and ultimately transform the destroyed or barren environment. ③ You can see this phenomenon on a smaller scale when a tree struck by lightning forms new branches that grow from the old scar. ④ In the form of forests and grasslands, plants regulate the cycling of water and adjust the chemical composition of the atmosphere. ⑤ In addition to regeneration or resprouting of plants, disturbed areas can also recover through reseeding.
* revitalization: 소생
[36～37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
36. When two natural bodies of water stand at different levels, building a canal between them presents a complicated engineering problem. (A) Then the upper gates open and the ship passes through. For downstream passage, the process works the opposite way. The ship enters the lock from the upper level, and water is pumped from the lock until the ship is in line with the lower level. (B) When a vessel is going upstream, the upper gates stay closed as the ship enters the lock at the lower water level. The downstream gates are then closed and more water is pumped into the basin. The rising water lifts the vessel to the level of the upper body of water. (C) To make up for the difference in level, engineers build one or more water “steps,” called locks, that carry ships or boats up or down between the two levels. A lock is an artificial water basin. It has a long rectangular shape with concrete walls and a pair of gates at each end. * rectangular: 직사각형의
① (A) － (C) － (B) ② (B) － (A) － (C) ③ (B) － (C) － (A) ④ (C) － (A) － (B) ⑤ (C) － (B) － (A)
